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At the National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), we know that cancer treatment can be tough, but understanding side effects and learning how to manage them can make a big difference in your comfort and recovery.

While every patient’s experience is unique, some side effects are very common. Being prepared with practical tips and strategies can help you stay strong and resilient throughout treatment.

Common Cancer Treatment Side Effects — and How to Manage Them

1. Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea is a frequent side effect of chemotherapy, radiation, and some medications.

Tips to Manage Nausea:

• Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
• Choose bland foods like crackers, toast, bananas, rice, and applesauce.
• Stay hydrated by sipping water, ginger tea, or clear broths.
• Avoid strong smells and spicy, greasy, or heavy foods.
• Take prescribed anti-nausea medications as directed.

NFCR Tip: Keep a small snack by your bedside. Eating a few bites before getting up can sometimes help with morning nausea.

2. Fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue differs from regular tiredness — it’s deeper and doesn’t always improve with rest.

Tips to Manage Fatigue:

• Prioritize activities that matter most to you each day.
• Take short naps (no longer than 30 minutes) to avoid disrupting nighttime sleep.
• Light exercise, like walking or stretching, can boost energy.
• Ask for help with errands, chores, and childcare when needed.

NFCR Tip: Listen to your body. Rest when you need to, but try to stay gently active to maintain strength.

3. Hair Loss (Alopecia)

Hair loss can occur with certain chemotherapy and radiation treatments.

Tips to Manage Hair Loss:

• Consider cutting hair short before treatment to make hair loss feel more gradual.
• Use gentle shampoos and soft brushes to protect the scalp.
• Wear hats, scarves, or wigs if desired; choose what makes you feel comfortable.
• Protect your scalp from sun exposure with sunscreen or head coverings.

NFCR Tip: Some clinics offer cold caps to help reduce hair loss — ask your treatment center if this is an option for you.

4. Neuropathy (Nerve Problems)

Some treatments can cause tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet.

Tips to Manage Neuropathy:

• Report symptoms to your doctor early; adjusting treatment may help.
• Protect your hands and feet from injury (wear shoes, use gloves when cooking).
• Avoid extreme temperatures (very hot or very cold).
• Consider physical therapy, acupuncture, or medication if symptoms are severe.

NFCR Tip: If you notice trouble with balance or fine motor skills (like buttoning a shirt), mention it to your care team.

5. Infections

Treatment can weaken the immune system, making infections a bigger risk.

Tips to Prevent Infection:

• Wash your hands often and thoroughly.
• Avoid crowds and people who are sick.
• Keep your skin clean and treat any cuts promptly.
• Monitor your temperature; call your doctor if you have a fever (100.4°F/38°C or higher).

NFCR Tip: Have a thermometer at home and know the signs of infection so you can act quickly if needed.

When to Call Your Healthcare Team

Always contact your doctor if you experience:

• A fever or chills
• Severe nausea or vomiting that prevents eating or drinking
• Uncontrolled pain
• Confusion or difficulty breathing
• Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, very little urine)

Early action can prevent small problems from becoming serious.

NFCR’s Message to You

At NFCR, we believe that knowledge is key to empowerment. Understanding and managing side effects allows you to stay as strong and comfortable as possible during treatment.

Remember:

• Side effects are common and manageable.
• Your care team is there to support you; don’t hesitate to speak up.
• Every step you take to care for yourself is a step toward healing.
• You are not alone. NFCR stands with you through every part of your journey.

Continue the Series, Read Next: Infection Prevention and Staying Safe During Cancer Treatment >>>